CPCB Guidelines For Poultry Farms

In India, Poultry farming has been transformed into a vibrant-agri industry and has been consistently engaged in poultry farming activities such as breeding, hatching, broiling and any other activity it may include.

According to the 20th livestock census by the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Ministries of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, States like Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, and more are one of the finest contributors in poultry farming.

That’s why, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has implemented various guidelines which are applicable on the Poultry farms. Moreover, beside obtaining authorization from the authorities to operate Poultry farms, you must follow these guidelines.

However, reading the guidelines is not enough but implementation is, for which you need an expert and reliable consultants.

We - JR Compliance cares about our customers, that’s why we take care of each and every aspect of the authorization process, including keeping ourselves abreast with the latest issues guidelines.

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Classification of Poultry Farms

Poultry farms are categorized on the basis of number of birds is handles -

Category	Number of Birds handled
Small	5,000 to 25,000
Medium	25,000 to 1 lakh
Large	Above 1 lakh

To be noted, poultry farms which fall under the small category are unorganized, thus, handled by economically backward farmers and in rural areas. Moreover, poultry farms which are established in the backyard are again managed or handled by the small and marginalized farmers that handle small quantities of birds as mentioned above. Typically, these birds are used for self-consumption and only a few quantities are sold in the market.

Regulatory or Monitoring Mechanism Applicable on Poultry Farms

Poultry farms containing above 25,000 birds at a place must obtain Consent to Establish (CTE) and Consent to Operate (CTO) as prescribed in Water Act 1974 and Air Act, 1981 from State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) or Pollution Control Committee (PCC).

The poultry farms categorized in “Green Category” will receive consent with the validity of 15 Years.

The Animal Husbandry Department of concerned State or Districts will provide assistant to implement poultry farms guidelines.

Environmental Issues Caused Due to Poultry Farming

Below-mentioned are the environmental issues which are cause by poultry farming -

1. Emission of Gases (NH3 and H2S) and Feed Mill Dust

Excreta generated from the birds generates Ammonia (NH3) and Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) creates odour due to the anaerobic conditions due to collection of litter at a place for long duration. Moreover, it also results in breeding of flies and rodents.

Mixing and grinding are the two activities which are required to prepare the bird feed, which generally takes place inside the mill building. That further creates the dust.

2. Solid Waste

Poultry droppings or manure or litter; dead birds; and hatchy waste are sources of the solid waste. Here, let’s have a look how it affects the environment -

In the case of the cage system, excreta created by the birds directly collected on the ground below the cage could be made of stone slabs or concrete or impermeable compacted clay. Likewise, litter is also collected and dried which contributes to generating odour because it cleans once in 4-6 months to create the manure through aerobic composting method.

Birds' death is one of the common phenomena, yet, the real problem lies in their disposal which results in odour, diseases, predator problems, and more. However, the disposal of birds does not seem to be much feasible because it would be burnt at high temperature (using different fuels) that will result in odour and air pollution.

Hatch operation, large quantities of solid waste is generated because of unhatched eggs, viscous liquid from eggs, etc.

3. Waste Water Generation From Cleaning Activities

Wastewater which is generated due to cleaning or stored for the drinking (of birds), sprinkling in summer, and any other activity is directly discharged in the drains without treatment.

Environmental Guidelines For Poultry Farms

1. Emission of Gases (NH3 and H2S) and Feed Mill Dust

Minimizing Odour or Gaseous Pollution

Manure should be collected by ensuring proper ventilation and should ensure adequate air flow to keep the manure dry.
Carcasses of dead birds must be collected and disposed of appropriately on a regular basis without harming the environment.
Manure should not meet the run-off water and should keep away from the unrequired pests and insects.
An appropriate storage facility should be available to collect the manure and litter.

Dust Generated From Feed Mills

Feed mills and Go-down must be established in a perfectly elevated ground, preferably it should be established near the entrance of the farm and should be isolated from poultry sheds.
The floor of the feed mills and Go-down should have a concrete floor and be raised above the ground at least by 2 feet.
Workers in the work field should wear or be provided with dust masks.
To control the emission of the mixing and grinding section dust collector systems must be installed.
To remove the dust or impurities from the tyres of the vehicles provisions of the vehicle tyre dip must be made at the entrance.

2. Management of Solid Waste (Manure or Litter, Hatchery Debris, and Dead Birds)

Manure Handling and Disposal

Appropriate ventilation and flow of air must be available above the manure collection to keep it dry through blowing air over it or by proper ventilation air over the manure pit. This would minimize the odour.
To eliminate humidity, prevent growing of gases, and to dissipate heat - the poultry housing must be properly ventilated.
The storage pits used to collect manure must be protected from the run-off water and should be covered as a protection from dust and to prevent odour.
The dry manure dump should be covered permanently roof or with plastic and other similar material to avoid air emission and precipitation falling.
In case of deep litter houses, excreta must be removed at least once in every two days as required for mixing of litter and to keep the bedding material dry. Moreover, this material can be utilized for composting.
The litter or manure should be established at least 2 meters above the water table and must be of appropriate size based on number and types of birds. Also, the base of the litter or manure pit must be made of concrete or stone slabs or impermeable compacted clay.
An appropriate facility must be provided to collect, store, transport, and dispose of the dead birds.
Domestic hazardous waste must be disposed of according to the provisions of the Solid Waste Management, 2016.
A proper balance must be maintained on the land application of manure as per the nutritional requirements of soil and crop.
If manure is collected under the cages on high raised platforms, must follow the below-mentioned methods to store and utilize the manure -

Small poultry farms should use composting as a method to utilize and dispose of the maure.
Medium and large poultry farms must use composting or biogas production or a combination of these for disposal and utilization of manure.
Poultry farms in clusters should use individual or common or combination of both for utilization and disposal of manure.

Manure Composting

In the pits carbon rich materials like paddy straw must be combined with waste. While pure manure could also be composted through a well-defined procedure.
A composting facility should be designed by an institution depending on the size of the poultry.
To ensure proper mixing, manure must be periodically stirred.
Moisture level should be 35% to 40%.
To determine the composting conditions, the temperature must be checked.

Hatchy Waste

Composting or rendering should be done to dispose of the unhatched eggs.
Encourage converting the shells into animal feed as a source of calcium, especially for poultry feeds.
To make a shell or hatchy meal, soya bean meal could be used.

Disposal of Dead Birds

Dead birds must be separated from the live birds as immediately as possible, including storing them in a closed container and disposing of them within 24 hours.

3. Wastewater Management

Wastewater generated due to cleaning operations after each batch must be collected in adequate holding tanks and can be used to water green belts.

Encourage dry cleaning the sheds through the use of disinfectant to minimize the use of water.

Rather than using cold water or plain water, use pressure pumps, hot water, or steams for cleaning to improve sanitation and to minimize the use of water.

To minimize the water wastage and spills overflows/ leakages/ use of calibrated/ self watering devices must be used.

To prevent the breeding of mosquitoes and flies, drainage systems must be improved, standing water must be prevented, and water ditches must be avoided.

4. Other Issues

To control the flies, proper treatment or manure disposal must be done, including ensuring appropriate ventilation, temperature, preventing food spills, etc. must be done. Moreover, wire netting, traps, insecticides, or fly repellent should be used.

Exclusion, tracking powder, trapping glue boards, rodent proof doors and windows must be used to eliminate rodents or pest infestation.

5. Siting Criteria

It is preferably to the new establishments -

Should be established 500 meters away from the residential zone to avoid odour and flies.

Must be established 10 to 15 meters away from the rural roads or village pagdandis.

Should be established 100 meters away from the water courses to prevent contamination due to leakages or spillages.

To avoid odour or flies, a poultry farm must be established 100 meters away from the National Highways (NH) and 50 meters away from State Highways (SH).

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Conclusion

Above mentioned guidelines are applicable to all the poultry farms, however, keeping the increasing state of pollution in mind, the government is consistently extending its scope. That means, the government is constantly adding new guidelines.

That makes it challenging for a layman to keep a track on each and every change that a government has made or is making. Well, you are at the right place!

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CPCB Guidelines For Poultry Farms

Get Free Expert Consultation!

Classification of Poultry Farms

Regulatory or Monitoring Mechanism Applicable on Poultry Farms

Environmental Issues Caused Due to Poultry Farming

1. Emission of Gases (NH3 and H2S) and Feed Mill Dust

2. Solid Waste

3. Waste Water Generation From Cleaning Activities

Environmental Guidelines For Poultry Farms

1. Emission of Gases (NH3 and H2S) and Feed Mill Dust

Minimizing Odour or Gaseous Pollution

Dust Generated From Feed Mills

2. Management of Solid Waste (Manure or Litter, Hatchery Debris, and Dead Birds)

Manure Handling and Disposal

Manure Composting

Hatchy Waste

Disposal of Dead Birds

3. Wastewater Management

4. Other Issues

5. Siting Criteria

Conclusion

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CPCB Guidelines For Poultry Farms

Get Free Expert Consultation!

Classification of Poultry Farms

Regulatory or Monitoring Mechanism Applicable on Poultry Farms

Environmental Issues Caused Due to Poultry Farming

1. Emission of Gases (NH3 and H2S) and Feed Mill Dust

2. Solid Waste

3. Waste Water Generation From Cleaning Activities

Environmental Guidelines For Poultry Farms

1. Emission of Gases (NH3 and H2S) and Feed Mill Dust

Minimizing Odour or Gaseous Pollution

Dust Generated From Feed Mills

2. Management of Solid Waste (Manure or Litter, Hatchery Debris, and Dead Birds)

Manure Handling and Disposal

Manure Composting

Hatchy Waste

Disposal of Dead Birds

3. Wastewater Management

4. Other Issues

5. Siting Criteria

Conclusion

Mother Promise we won't spam you.

Our professionals are just a click away !

Get All Compliance Services under One Roof

Trusted By :

Get Your Free Consultation!